Blog

Get expert advice on every topic you need as a small business owner, from the ideation stage to your eventual exit. Our articles, quick tips, infographics and how-to guides can offer entrepreneurs the most up-to-date information they need to flourish.

Subscribe to our blog

Accounting & Finance

Approaching Uncertainty

Insurance

Leadership & Growth

People Management & HR

Private Equity

Professional Services

Small Businesses

Startups

Taxes

Accounting & Finance

3 steps to structure an optimal chart of accounts for your business

Posted by Neha De

August 29, 2022

3 steps to structure an optimal chart of accounts for your business

A chart of accounts is a crucial element of accounting, explicitly bookkeeping, which allows a business owner to identify and keep track of all monetary transactions their business engages in. This part of the company’s general ledger breaks down and organizes financial activity into categories.

To keep records more organized, a chart of accounts follows a numbering system. It allows small business owners to keep their financial transactions systematic, as it provides a snapshot of the firm’s financial standing.

There are six basic account categories on a chart of accounts: assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, cost of goods and equity.

Assets –

Assets comprise anything that has value and can be converted into cash. This includes cash, inventory, equipment, vehicles, any short- and long-term investments and accounts receivable (money owed on outstanding invoices).

Liabilities –

This includes money or obligations a business owes, such as any taxes, debts, insurance and accounts payable.

Revenue –

The amount a company earns from providing its services to clients falls under the revenue category. This includes commissions, sales, revenue from dividends or interest, earnings from investments and payments from clients.

Expenses –

Expenses are the funds an organization spends in an effort to earn money, that is, the costs of generating business revenue. This includes office rent, office, utilities, salaries and so on.

Talk to us about how our outsourced business services can help your firm access finance and accounting expertise.

Cost of goods sold –

Cost of goods sold (COGS) comprises all direct expenses associated with a product, that is, the direct cost of production. It does not include overheads such as taxes, operating expenses or interest payments. This category does not apply to service-based businesses.

Equity accounts –

Equity refers to an ownership interest in a company. It is what a business owner is owed, or what is left of the assets after a business’ liabilities are paid. Equity includes owner’s capital, retained earnings, common, preferred and treasury stock, and cash dividends.

How to structure a chart of accounts for your business

As the first step in setting up your company's accounting system, establishing a chart of accounts begins with organizing financial information, which you can create through WordPress Chart Plugin. Check out the three-step process to making a chart of accounts:

Step 1: Set up parent accounts –

Parent accounts help categorize your distinct business sub-accounts by category. The six basic account categories on a chart of accounts are assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, cost of goods and equity.

Step 2: Develop your business’ accounts –

Creating accounts for your company will depend on the type of business you run. For instance, accounts that are common for service-based companies are cash, sales, accounts receivable, accounts payable and income tax payable.

Categorize these account sub-categories into the relevant parent account. For example, cash and accounts receivable will come under assets.

Step 3: Allocate account numbers –

A chart of accounts is based on a numbering system, which helps organize all the different accounts. This numbering system depends on the number of expected transactions for a business. For example, numbering for a small product-based business can be done as follows:

Assets: 100–199

Liabilities: 200–299

Revenue: 300–399

Expenses: 400–499

Cost of goods sold: 500–599

Equity: 600–699

On the other hand, for a large product-based business, the numbering can be done as follows:

Assets: 1000–1999

Liabilities: 2000–2999

Revenue: 3000–3999

Expenses: 4000–4999

Cost of goods sold: 5000–5999

Equity: 6000–6999

Want more?

Escalon provides startups and small to midsized businesses with accounting, strategic finance, CFO services and support. Talk to an expert today.

Authors

Neha De

Neha De is a writer and editor with more than 13 years of experience. She has worked on a variety of genres and platforms, including books, magazine articles, blog posts and website copy. She is passionate about producing clear and concise content that is engaging and informative. In her spare time, Neha enjoys dancing, running and spending time with her family.

Newer Post

Featured Downloads

Private Equity

Blog

Subscribe to our blog

Accounting & Finance

3 steps to structure an optimal chart of accounts for your business

Assets –

Liabilities –

Revenue –

Expenses –

Cost of goods sold –

Equity accounts –

How to structure a chart of accounts for your business

Step 1: Set up parent accounts –

Step 2: Develop your business’ accounts –

Step 3: Allocate account numbers –

Want more?

Authors

Neha De

Featured Downloads

Private Equity Scaling Accounting Operations and Optimizing Financial

Why Late-Stage SaaS Needs Fractional CFO Services

How to measure a company’s financial strength using the 3 key financial statements

Related Stories

Fractional CFO: Everything You Need to Know

Integrating AI in Accounting for Startups